In the previous article, I basically talked about the difference between wired system and wireless system in a few words. Today, let's talk about the specific principles and differences between wired system and wireless system as a whole.
Wired system
Wired systems transmit control signals through physical lines. Common wired communication systems include KNX, 485, MODBUS, can, IP, etc. KNX is very popular in Europe, and 485, MODBUS, can and other fieldbuses have been used in the field of industrial control for many years. Speaking of this, I miss that 10 years ago, I was a coder who wrote can communication control software every day.
To a certain extent, it can be considered that the wired system is actually the transplant home of industrial control system. Of course, industrial control and home automation have different tendencies and reliability requirements, but the principle is the same.
Take an example of CAN bus wired system. The following figure is the system structure diagram.
As can be seen in the figure, the modules or components of the smart home need to be connected together with can communication cables. Of course, this connection is similar to the power supply lines in the home, which can be hung on the bus. It is not necessary to connect each module or component directly with a wire to the gateway.
Wired systems have a long history and are widely used. Almost all industrial control fields are wired systems. Its main features are as follows.
1. High reliability and stability
Wired systems generally use twisted pair and other media for transmission. For example, can uses one twisted pair to transmit differential signals, while KNX uses two twisted pairs, a total of four lines (two power supplies and two data). This data transmission is safe and stable. The signal is constrained in the line. It has strong anti-interference ability and high reliability. Even a very large system, such as a building with dozens of floors, can still transmit data stably.
2. High upfront cabling costs
As mentioned earlier, the wired system must have a bus or control line. This bus is generally deployed in the construction stage, and then each device is connected to this bus. For families, it is necessary to make a good plan in the decoration stage, reserve the corresponding points, lay wire pipes or cable supports, etc. This part of the cost for ordinary families is no different from the major line change, and the cost is still relatively high.
3. Must be installed in front
As can be seen from the previous article, if the wired system is equipped after decoration, the difficulty is almost equivalent to redecoration, which can be considered unlikely. Therefore, the wired system must be installed in front.
4. It is widely used in Europe and America with mature technology
The wired system is mainly KNX in Europe, and in the United States, it is mostly transmitted through IP, that is, network cable (of course, the network cable is also 4 pairs of twisted pair). KNX system in Europe and America mainly aims at building automation and has been widely used. Crestron, savant and other products in the United States have also accumulated for many years in terms of wired. Foreign houses are generally large. Before the wireless system is fully developed, the wired system is dominant.
Of course, with the rapid development of wireless communication, control 4 and cervante have launched wireless products, which also means that the wireless system can fully meet the requirements of daily smart home to a certain extent.
Wireless system
Wireless systems rely on electromagnetic waves to transmit data. Common transmission protocols include ZigBee, WiFi, Z-Wave, RF, etc. The rapid development and maturity of wireless system from its start to now is only more than ten years, which is younger than wired system. However, in the field of smart home, wireless system is glowing with strong vitality. The following figure is the structure diagram of a wireless smart home system.
In the figure, the gateway, server and mobile tablet communicate through WiFi, and the gateway communicates with each intelligent component through ZigBee. Before they communicate with each other, they do not need a physical connection line.
The main features of wireless system are as follows.
1. Low cost
The biggest feature of wireless system is its low overall cost, which saves the early wiring cost and a large number of design costs. It still has a considerable advantage in price. In particular, the low-cost wireless smart home system launched by domestic Internet brands Xiaomi and yunqi has brought dawn to the general public, further accelerated the popularization of smart home, and let the once high smart home step down the altar and into the homes of ordinary people. Although they still have a little disadvantage in the intelligence or reliability of the whole house, they have a great advantage in price.
2. High flexibility and easy expansion
The wireless system basically realizes plug and play because of the lack of line restrictions, and the configuration is also very convenient. Most users can complete it by themselves. At the same time, the wireless system is easier to expand, which is why I suggest you first use a simple package, and then continuously increase or adjust components according to your own needs to make the whole system grow slowly.
3. Can be installed later
Without the limitation of early lines, wireless systems can basically be installed conveniently. As long as some power supply and WiFi are configured well in the early stage. This is also very convenient for users to upgrade to smart home system under the existing ordinary home conditions.
4. There is a power supply problem
Since wireless is used, some components have power supply problems. For example, temperature and humidity sensors, human infrared sensors and so on, the current solution is to use batteries. According to my actual test, the power consumption of ZigBee, RF and other components is very small. Ordinary button batteries have no pressure for one year. Under normal circumstances, they can be used for two years. The cost of replacement is not high. On the whole, it is very practical.
5. Lower reliability than wired system
Reliability is the weakness of the wireless system. After all, the wireless system relies on electromagnetic waves to transmit signals, while indoor load-bearing walls, floors and metal anti-theft doors have a strong attenuation effect on the signals, and other radio waves will also interfere with the signal transmission, which also determines that the gateway should not be too far away from the components, and should not wear more than two load-bearing walls. But its reliability, as far as ordinary household is concerned, there is no need to worry too much. Home is different from industrial control. Poor reliability in industrial control may lead to disastrous consequences, while the reliability difference in home automation will not lead to serious problems.
Of course, this does not mean that the reliability of the wired system is high enough to never go wrong. No one can guarantee that the electronic system will never go wrong. The wired system will also hang up, which is just a matter of probability. At present, the world's relatively high-end smart home manufacturers have also launched wireless products. Therefore, I personally believe that the development of wireless communication is enough to provide stable support for the smart home system. Coupled with the efficient and fast service response, users do not need to worry too much about the stability of the wireless system.
proposal
If personal suggestions are given, there are two points as follows:
1. Large family or villa whole house intelligence, with high-end systems such as audio and video matrix, which need to integrate the products of several international top manufacturers. The system is huge and complex, regardless of cost, and can be wired.
2. Single family villas and other super large houses have high reliability requirements and take cable.
In other cases, you can go wireless.
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