Shallow (underwater Relief)

Shallow (underwater relief)

Shallow is an elevation of the bottom in the sea, river, lake, which impedes navigation. It is a type of an underwater relief where the depth of the water is low compared to that of the surrounding points. Usually formed by sand or pebble deposits, can also be of volcanic origin or the result of human or animal activities. Stranded near the shore of a reservoir or watercourse is called a shoal; the shallow ocean area adjacent to the mainland is the continental shelf. Shallows can be permanently hidden under water or appear on the surface of the water periodically (for example, during low tide in the seas, changes in the water level in rivers from water content) in the form of islands, sediments, side streams, spits, etc. On river shoals, if possible, to cross the river on foot, or by land transport, arrange fords.

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Disaster Relief & Hunger Relief

Disaster Relief: Aidmatrix, FEMA, Accenture and UPSIn 2006, Aidmatrix received a grant from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to build a national Internet-based network for humanitarian aid called The Aidmatrix Network. This network creates a virtual exchange or marketplace that connects the state and local governments with donors and nonprofits. It focused on in-kind donations management, cash donations management, and volunteer management. Aidmatrix partners with governments, donors and relief organizations worldwide to help those organizations respond quickly, and with quality aid that matches local need. They build communities and tools that help each group share information with each other more easily. The Aidmatrix Network is a disaster-relief supply chain that allows members to view donations and post specific needs, as well as access warehouse and logistics tools. Hunger Relief: Feeding America a.k.a. America's Second HarvestAidmatrix partners with Feeding America - The Nation's Food Bank Network, to distribute food through a network of food banks and food-rescue organizations, resulting in supplying food to many hungry Americans each year, nine million of which are children. Since 2003, Aidmatrix has provided the connection for Feeding America's national donors who donate products online for redistribution to food banks across the country. Through partnerships with Feeding America, Global Foodbanking Network, FareShare, the India Foodbanking Network and other global food bank and hunger relief programs, Aidmatrix enables food to be connected with the hungry through its hunger relief solutions.

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Externsteine relief

The Externsteine relief is a monumental rock relief depiction of the Descent from the Cross scene, carved into the side of the Externsteine sandstone formation in the Teutoburg Forest. The Externsteine are located near Detmold, now in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia but in the Middle Ages in the Duchy of Saxony. It is the oldest relief of this type known north of the Alps, dated to the high medieval period (likely the 12th century).

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Inverted relief

The lower portion (member) of Medusae Fossae Formation contains many patterns and shapes that are thought to be the remains of streams. It is believed that streams formed valleys that were filled and became resistant to erosion by cementation of minerals or by the gathering of a coarse covering layer to form an inverted relief. These inverted stream beds are sometimes called sinuous ridges or raised curvilinear features. They have been divided into six classes: flat-crested, narrow-crested, round-crested, branching, non-branching, and multilevel. They may be a kilometer or so in length. Their height ranges from a meter to greater than 10 meters, while the width of the narrow ones is less than 10 meters. Sinuous Ridges within a branching fan in lower member of Medusae Fossae Formation, as seen by HiRISE. Location is Aeolis quadrangle.

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Relief efforts

On 23 March, Iran's supreme leader, Ali Khamenei, commanded the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran to participate in the relief efforts. Civil and armed forces have been mobilized since 24 March and Eshaq Jahangiri with several ministers as well as army commanders have traveled to the areas affected by floods to help people. On 25 March, Shortly after the floods began the Rouhani administration proceeded to ban all third party charities to help the flood relief effort citing that all donations must be made directly to the Iranian government thus preventing foreign aid from reaching the country. On 6 April, as the Iran government has promised, all damages will be recompensed, actually for farmers. On 25 March, Chief Justice of Iran, Ebrahim Raisi stated that "Any shortcomings regarding the handling of the floods, failure to provide relief and aid to the survivors will be investigated". On 7 April, according to Iranian Red Cross, "14,238 units of tents, 58,494 packs of blankets, 32,961 packs of ground sheets, 43,509 kg of plastic sheets, 3,083 pcs of heaters, 2,851 health sets, 1355 kitchen sets, 227,696 bottles of mineral water, 125,993 canned food, 235,405 loaves of bread, 1,877 kg of date, 41,992 kg of rice, 9,485 kg of edible oil, 3955 boxes of Biscuits, 8,710 kg of sugar, 11,753 kg of beans and 84,580 food packages" have been distributed. In total, "537,000 kgs of food and living items have been transferred through 556 flight hours and 1,970 relief and rescue workers were transported". The relief services include proving basic supports such as food and water "for more than 257,000 people and proving temporally shelters for more than 98,000 persons." In addition, "1138 persons were transferred to safe areas and 89 persons transferred to the clinics." According to Iranian Red Cross, several thousands of vital requirements have been distributed among those affected by floods. On 9 April, following the Relief efforts in Golestan province, Deputy Commander of Neynava Division of the IRGC Colonel Seyed Mousa Hosseini promised that in order to enliven people, their efforts such as feeding, relief aid, and housing is keeping until normally everyday life appears. Shahid Shoushtari field hospital belong to the IRGC Ground Force and the specialized hospital of the IRGC's Navy have been established respectively in Aqqala and also Siminshahr and Golmishan, about 78328 injured people have been cured. He added that "In the engineering sector, the IRGC's Brigade 45 of Engineers built 20 bridges on the road between Gomishan to Bandar Turkmen in less than 60 hours." Relief efforts including clearing rubble, diverting water, building dykes, and distributing supplies are performing by local communities, soldiers and volunteers. On 9 April, volunteer team including 90 trained rescue people from West Azerbaijan province went to flood-stricken regions. In order to help to flood-stricken people, the Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order (EIKO) known as Setad has prepared essential equipment containing fresh food, blankets, drinking water, and even toys for children. Also EIKO furnished facilities (fridges, washing machines, carpets, and other necessary elements) for 15000 families and provided 4,000 cattle of 9,000 killed by the flood for families living in villages. Some temporary clinics have been established to cure wounded and give medicine. The Barakat Foundation performed most of aids as the representative of EIKO. In other hands, the organization ensured, when people return to their normal life, EIKO will be able to "provide some 3,000 job opportunities" for citizens. In Khouzistan exposed to flood risk, 140,000 rural homes were insured by Barakat Foundation. International aidPakistan's National Disaster Management Authority, on the order of country's Prime Minister Imran Khan, sent 32 tonnes of relief goods to Iran. The consignment comprising two shipments contained 500 tents, 3,300 blankets and emergency medical kits. The relief goods were transferred using two C-130 aircraft. Previously Pakistan's Foreign Office (FO) spokesperson, Dr. Muhammad Faisal, condoled with the families of the victims. The spokesperson further claimed that Pakistan is ready to provide humanitarian assistance to Iran in rescue effort. He claimed that people of Pakistan stand in solidarity with Iranian people in their difficult time. The European Union pledged to donate 1.2 million Euros to help with relief efforts. On 13 April, The aid convoy including more than 100 vehicles which was sent by Iraq's Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba, a major Shia resistance group arrived in Iran. The consignments have been donated to Iran's flood-stricken people living in Khuzestan and Lorestan provinces. On 13 April Ali Asghar Peyvandi, the head of Iranian Red Crescent Society, said that despite non-cash assistance such as blankets, tents, sanitary wares donated from Kuwait, Turkey, Azerbaijan, France, Germany, Armenia, Pakistan, foreign cash aid has not been deposited to the Iranian Red Crescent account, So far, we have not received even a dollar or one euro. He mentioned that the reason for this is closure of the SWIFT and Iranian Red Crescent account as a result of Sanctions. Also, it is not possible for the Iranians abroad and International Committee of the Red Cross to deposit cash aid to the Iranian Red Crescent account. In order to assist people who have been affected by the heavy flood in Iran, the WHO on the 10th of April 2019, has deployed important medical supplies in the country.